Characters- No Sugar Essay

Through the characters names all the aboriginal names are given Christian names while the white characters almost without exception are given titles and surnames. This humanizes the aboriginal characters and dehumanizes the white characters while highlighting their position of power. White characters are demonized by their actions as well as their names, they refer to going back to the Tasmanian solution (pg44), showing that they have no regard for the aboriginal’s lives. JP: Racist- he refers to the aboriginal people as natives, and sees them as people who don’t belong.. We Repelled by his cruel treatment towards the Aborigines. Impatient, self-centred- (interrupting) Look, I’m not interested in what you had for dinner. If you’ve got an explanation, just tell me what it is. Frank- The only white character, Frank brown is the only one who has a real relationship with the aboriginals and he is the only one of the white characters who’s afforded a white name. He’s accused of supplying liquor to jimmy. Millie- Persists and does what she believes is right. ‘Stereotypical women’ and caring mother to her children. Supportive mother, takes care of her child when she’s sick- My girls in hospital, we need blankets. Jimmy- Aboriginal, lack of education- â€Å"sorry sir I was on the shit bucket†¦toilet, got guts ache. Impatient and persistent- will not give up on seeing Mr Neville. Says what he thinks –‘You know one thing about Fremantle gaol even some of them screws are polite- not like this place. Native protector  couldn’t protect my dog from fleas. Neville- Racist Believes aboriginals do not and should not have the same power and allowances as white people. Ignorant and Disrespectful: Munday let me give you some advice sugar catches more flies then vinegar. Although reats white people with respect. E.g. Miss Dunn Gran and Jimmy: These are the two characters evolve in the passage through their actions and behaviour . Gran becomes a more noble character and appears benevolent in relation to her family. The Aboriginal family and particularly gran are shown to have extremely strong bonds and care about each other deeply, this is even more noticeable when compared to the indifference of the white chracters This contrasted to jimmy’s behaviour of false sincerity and respect for the white individuals reaffirms gran’s intelligence of character. She delveopes and becomes more of a realistic character who’s clearly has her best family’s interest at heart.

45 and 47 Stella Street and Everything that Happened

The children's novel '45 and 47 Stella Street and everything that happened' (Honey, 1995) written by Elizabeth Honey is a novel aimed at pre-adolescent girls. However in saying that boys around the same age would also find this book enjoyable. The story Is told from the perspective of Hinni who Is an 11 year old girl. It Is about her and her ‘Gang, which includes her best friend Zev, Her sister Danielle and Frank, Zev's 6- year-old next-door neighbour who resides at 47 Stella Street.The book tells of their efforts to expose the â€Å"Phonies† and their secret life. It Is evident through analysis of he book that there are sly Implications toward enforcing the concepts of mascullnlty and femininity on young readers using the strategies of narrative theory. Narrative theory consists of three key strategies, the point of vlew/focallsatlon, reader positioning and closure. The point of view or focalisation Is always biased. When watching a film or reading a book you are always watching or reading it from someone or something's perspective.In Stella Street it is Henni who is telling us what is happening, you only see things from her perspective and therefore you tend to ide with her. Reader positioning is very important and very similar to that of point of view and focalisation. Readers or viewers are positioned so that they have a positive response toward some characters and a negative response toward others even though both parties may be both in the wrong on some occasions. The readers of 45 and 47 Stella Street are positioned so that they hope for the Stella Street's gang to succeed over the Phonies.Closure is how the story concludes, who ends up succeeding in the end and who doesn't. Once again in 45 and 47 Stella Street it is the Stella Street gang who triumph over the Phonies. It is evident that the men in 45 and 47 Stella Street hold masculine qualities whilst the women hold feminine traits. In terms of power it is the men that hold this control a s decision making is all about power and throughout the book it is apparent that the men make majority of the decisions.For example it is ZeVs father that makes the Initial decision to move to New Zealand. When Rob and Donna are having trouble with Briquette escaping from the yard it is Rob who decides that they will do nothing† and when the gang are coming up with ideas on how to tackle a problem it seems as though at the end of the deliberation all members of the gang seek Zev's agreement or approval. The male figures also seem to come up with the good Ideas or ask relevant questions more so that the female characters.Throughout the book there are a number of characters that come and go that hold a form of power. For Instance the lawyers, Robert Smeeton, Mr J. D Perry, the Ombudsman Robert Cooper and Detective Sergeant Dave Watson are all very powerful In the positions they hold within society. From this you can see that a female represents none of these highly powerful char acters. I ne 000K Is Tocallsea tnrougn Hennl, sne explalns to readers wnat t I Is sne Ilkes ana what she doesn't like.Everything that she sees happening she interprets and it is all told from her perspective. In one particular part of the novel Henni is explaining how Donna has put up with numerous changes with the building, design and cost of the new fence that is to be erected between 45 and 47 Stella Street. Henni makes the statement that, â€Å"Donna never lost her temper. That's probably how she got the Job he has. She never loses her temper. Rob would have told the Phonies to take a long walk off a short pier. Mum would have gone quiet.She Just buttons up. Dad would have lost his temper, for sure, and called them inconsiderate pea brains. But not Donna. She Just keeps on keeping on. † (Honey, E 1995, pp 38) The way in which the characters mentioned compose themselves is interesting. Traditional gender roles cast men as rational, strong, protective and decisive, whilst o n the other hand women are cast as emotional, irrational, weak, nurturing and submissive. Within the tatement that Henni makes it is evident that parts of the traditional gender roles exist.For example the way in which Henni's mum would have gone quiet illustrates a form of sumbissiveness. In Stella Street there is not a particularly strong sense of patriarchy. However there is some evidence of Patriarchy in some sections of the book for example when they are building the fence between 45 and 47 Stella Street Mr Nic and Zev carry the old posts to Henni's dad who is on the footpath cutting them up with a chainsaw. Danielle and Frank do the running around and fetching of stuff and there is no ention as to what the others are doing.The males are very affirmative and this is shown by Henni's dad and the way in which he says â€Å"right† she knows by the way in which he says it that something is going to happen there's no questioning or buts. The females show their more conservati ve side especially Donna with the way in which she potters around her gardens before she has to go to work. Elizabeth Honey has used strategies of narrative theory throughout her book 45 and 47 Stella Street. Many young readers would not be aware of the ideologies implied hrough this book.

Bad Teachers Essay

There are many types of teachers that each student encounters in their high school careers. Four different types include: the â€Å"blow-off† teacher, the hard teacher, the funny teacher and the best friend teacher. These diverse â€Å"species† of teachers make high school interesting, demanding and enjoyable. Each type provides you with a different aspect of what the true high school experience should feel like. The â€Å"blow-off† teacher is the teacher that everyone wants. He or she is usually classified as the one that does not assign difficult assignments or challenging tests. These teachers usually hate being at school just as much as the students do. Instead of cramming in a quick lesson on half-days or shortened days, they would rather give a study hall or nap break. These teachers are usually favorites but also do not prepare you for your next educational step unlike the harder teachers would. The hard teacher is the teacher that everyone does not want. The moment when the student sees his or her new schedule and sees their name, they automatically know that it is going to be a miserable year unless they can switch out. Then, they exhaust their efforts only to find that everyone else switched out before them and he or she is stuck in that class. During the year, they are despondent, up to your eyeballs in papers and projects. But, at the end of the year, they are very thankful that the difficult and demanding teacher prepared you correctly for the new challenge that the next  academic year may bring. The funny teacher is also one that everyone wants. His or her humor makes the class, even if it is hard, enjoyable. The student often looks forward to their class and is in a much better mood than for other classes. The teacher can retain the students’ attention through comedy and wit and the point of the lesson is regularly understood better. The teacher is usually a favorite and even though the material that needs to be learned is difficult, students love going to that class and listening to the teacher’s jokes. The best friend teacher is the teacher that is the most relatable. He or she is usually very young and often takes about inappropriate things with his or her students. Students feel as if the teacher is a peer and not an elder. This results in favoring certain students that the teacher has a special relationship with. This also results in students wanting the specific teacher because of that reason, not because of the desire to learn and expand their knowledge. The pushover teacher is also a student favorite. These teachers usually let their classes rule over them and push them over. Items that are affected by the student’s decisions can range from due dates to tests and assignments. These teachers are usually too afraid to stand up to their students and therefore give in to begging from the students to change due dates and tests. The good teacher is the one that you love for actually teaching you. He or she is an excellent teacher that assigns fair assignments and tests. They  are very helpful in ways of explaining situations or different ways of solving a problem. The students love to attend his or her class because they know that they will learn something that is beneficial to their education. These teachers are usually loved and respected by students because of their excellent way of teaching. In conclusion, during any student’s high school career, they will most likely experience any one of the main â€Å"species† of teachers: the â€Å"blow-off† teacher, the hard teacher, the funny teacher, the best friend teacher, the pushover teacher and the good teacher. Each teacher assists the student in completing high school and making the difficult transition into the busy and complex life of college.

To be determe Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

To be determe - Movie Review Example film of analysis for this movie is the film Star Wars with Luke Skywalker as the main protagonist and Darth Vader as the villain which Higgins mentioned in page 25 of his book with its mythic revelation of Vader’s true identity (he was Anakin Skywalker). The Star Wars series can be said as a morality play with the classic theme of a battle between good and evil with Darth Vader keep on urging Luke Skywalker (he is his son after all) to give in to his dark side and join him. In a confrontation between Luke Skywalker and Darth Vader, the latter was even encouraging Luke to become angry with him to fuel his dark side of anger. In between, Darth Vader was even trying to illustrate to Luke Skywalker on how the dark side can make him stronger with an incentive of an empire to rule. What makes the film interesting in addition to the futuristic and sci-fi theme of the film is the the exploration of the dark side accentuated by interesting characters such as Darth Vader. As what Higgins mentioned in page 29 of the book, this may be because â€Å"we [are] simply bored with the blandness of everyday life†. That the impulse ot explore â€Å"what’s crawling underneath the rock of our beings† is a universal human nature. This is illustrated in the film with the young Darth Vader, who used to be Anakin Skywalker and was with the side of the good. Talented, strong and powerful, he was also trained with the way of the Jedi by the wishes of the departed Jedi master Qui-Gon. The Jedi Order had reservation about Anakin as being susceptible to the dark side but still respected the wishes of Qui-Gon. Later, Anakin realized or realized that giving in to the dark side would make him more powerful. The pathway to the dark side or being a villain can be said to have been explained in the film Star Wars. Perhaps an illustration of Higgins description that it is our nature to explore â€Å"what’s crawling beneath the rock of our beings†. It first started with overconfidence

My educational experiences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

My educational experiences - Essay Example It views education as a specific set of knowledge that helps in transmitting knowledge from a teacher or an instructor, to a student. It lays emphasis on a teacher-centric process of learning, whereby a student acts as a passive absorber of knowledge, and the main intention of learning is for purposes of memorizing facts and knowledge. Problem posing education involves teaching a child or student to develop critical thinking skills ability (Mufti and Mark, 21). This helps in helping a student to achieve a sense of liberty i.e. developing their own set of knowledge. The major disadvantage of this model of learning is that it does not facilitate the understanding of a concept by a student. This is because students can only memorize the academic concepts or facts (Kobeleva and Luke, 22). Banking and Problem posing education system serves different children based on their developmental capabilities. Paulo Freire is the first person to use this concept of banking education. Freire describes banking education as narrative in nature, with the teacher acting as an active participant or subject, and a student acting as a passive participant or subject. Instead of communicating facts and issues, a tutor gives out communiquà ©s, and he makes deposits, which enables a student to patiently memorize, receive, and repeat the communiquà ©s. This procedure is referred to as the banking process or concept of education (Kobeleva and Luke, 12). This is because the scope of learning extends to only allowing a student to receive, fill, and store the deposits of knowledge. Education is therefore viewed as a process that involves the depositing of knowledge, or information into passive students. For learning to effectively take place, there is a need of strong cognitive skills from a child. Every activity that a child participates in requires the possession of an efficient, strong, learning skil l, if the process is to be completed

Questions&Answers. Business ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Questions&Answers. Business ethics - Essay Example The author claims that a worker that constantly follows some strict working conditions without any opportunity to express one’s personality and bring it into the product feels like the life has no meaning (2008). The reason is that people need to bring some part of them into the product they make, so they want to use their potential as much as possible. Thus, modern companies often don’t need the workers that want to express themselves, that are active, enterprising, and initiative, because such people can bring problems into the process of production that requires precise instructions followed and maximum of obedience. Although, it is impossible to say that production doesn’t work for people because for many workers their jobs actually help them to express their personalities and apply their skills. 2. In order to justify the production that destroys both personality and human value enterprisers have to change their approach to both their workers and the people who are supposed to use their production. The fact that enterprisers treat their workers as tools of production is the typical tendency in modern capitalistic world. During the process of production, where a worker can’t express one’s personality and use one’s talents, the worker is being assaulted by the process of manufacturing itself and becomes alienated from both the work one does and his life itself where it is impossible for him to get self-assurance. Another aspect of production that destroys human value is actually the results of production and producers’ treatment of those who will buy the product. Buyers are considered to be the objects where enterprisers get their money from. Thus, the only thing enterprisers are concerned about is in what way they can lure their buyers but not how can they please their customers as personalities and equal human beings. In order to justify production and avoid such humiliating

Feasibility of a Resort in Costa Rica Research Proposal

Feasibility of a Resort in Costa Rica - Research Proposal Example Rapid growth in tourism can also create an imbalance in labour supply causing even illegal immigration and create housing problems (Cohan, 2008) Environmental Feasibility Costa Rica's president Arias has pointed out that even though achieving fiscal goals is essential, it is to be achieved in accordance with the environmental objectives (Cohan, 2008). In order to protect the natural environment Costa Rica's Government follows stringent steps. For instance, as pointed by Costa Rica Tourism (2008 c) Allegro Papagayo, a hotel on Costa Rica's Pacific Coast received orders to close down since it was polluting the environment with wastewater from the Ministry of Health, with the support of Ministry of environment and Energy and the Costa Rica Tourism Board. By applying strict measures, the country hopes to keep the tourism industry flourishing in the years to come. Government involvement and eco tourism compliance will ensure that visitors keep coming and that the ecological balance is not disturbed. Social Feasibility Tourism increases cultural awareness. It imparts a deeper sense of identity among the locals while also exposing them to globalization. For tourists, visiting new places is a way of knowing about different cultures as well. Ecotourism professes respect for other cultures. By attracting national and foreign investment and encouraging modernization and influencing the mindset of Costa Ricans, the Costa Rican Investment and Trade Development Board aims to improve the life of Costa Ricans (Strauss, 2008). Economic Feasibility Costa Rica has been described as a "real estate investor's dream" and has seen a lot of growth in real estate investment (Costa Rica Tourism, 2008 a). Recently, Hilton has entered the Costa Rica market under the... This paper presents a modern comprehensive review of the state of the tourism industry in Costa-Rica. Also the paper explores the feasibility of a construction of the new resort from economical, social and environmental points of views. The existing scenario in Costa Rica is deemed conducive for resort projects. The government has implemented a strategy to preserve what is Costa Rica’s unique selling point, namely its bio diversity, by ensuring that modernization and globalization does not occur by compromising the ecological balance. Tourism, clearly helps to create more jobs and generate higher revenues for the country. Due to its bio diversity Costa-Rica is considered an ideal spot for naturalists, eco tourists and any one who loves nature. Although a relatively new trend in travel, ecotourism is the fastest growing sector of the tourism industry - the world's largest service industry - with an average annual growth rate of 20 to 30 percent. Government involvement and eco tourism compliance will ensure that visitors keep coming and that the ecological balance is not disturbed. Tourism increases cultural awareness. It imparts a deeper sense of identity among the locals while also exposing them to globalization. For tourists, visiting new places is a way of knowing about different cultures as well. Ecotourism professes respect for other cultures. Recently, Hilton has entered the Costa Rica market under the name Hilton Papagayo Resort. It is also a member of the Certification for Sustainable Tourism Program

Phase 2 Individual Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Phase 2 Individual Project - Assignment Example The primary objective of this case study is (a) to define fixed, variable, and mixed costs; (b) to determine cost behaviour patterns, and (c) to explain how these different patterns affect operating and pricing decisions. II.Cost Analysis a. Definition of Variable Costs + Example All expenses incurred that increase as the Production Output and Sales increases and decreases whenever the Production Output and Sales decreases should be considered as variable costs. Albrecht, Steve W., et.al.(2010, p.1062) defined variable costs in a more general way by saying that they are the costs that change in total in direct proportion to changes in activity level.. In the SAC operations, an example of the variable cost would be Raw Materials. The higher the demand for the product which would be evident in the increase in Sales volume, the higher the required Production Output, and a corresponding set of Raw Materials will be needed to produce the desired order quantity. b. Definition of Fixed Cost s + Example All expenses that are incurred whether or not operations are at high or low level should be called Fixed Costs. Rich, J.S., et. al. (2009, p.757) defined fixed cost as constant costs â€Å"within the relevant range as the level of of output increases or decreases.† At SAC, an example of that fixed cost is Depreciation Expense – Factory. Each month, whether or not the factory produces for high demand or for low demand, the value of depreciation expense will not change. c. Definition of Mixed Costs + Example Some costs known as mixed costs are made up of a combination of fixed cost and variable cost. Weygandt, J.J. et.al. (2009, p.209) teaches the need to separate these two in order to properly perform a cost-volume-profit analysis. Kinney, M.R. and Raiborn, C.A. (2012, p.70) also refers to the â€Å"high-low method† of determinine variable costs per unit and then separating it from fixed costs. That is, the formula to determine the portion that is var iable in a mixed costshould be as follows: Cost at High Level of Operations less Cost at Low Level Operations divided by High Activity Level expressed in volume of production or sales less Low Activity Level also expressed in volume of production or sales. The result will be the variable cost per unit within that mixed cost. Variable Costs may then be computed for its total and then separated from the total mixed cost in order to arrive at the fixed cost total within the mixed cost. In the case of SAC, there are data from two years, 2005 and 2006. Cost of Goods sold in 2005 was 50.81% whereas in 2006, the percentage increased to 59.30%. This means Cost of Goods Sold (CGS) may not be considered as 100% variable costs. A closer look at the details of CGS in the 2006 journal entries shows the following accounts: Cost of Goods Sold Raw Materials Labor Overhead Classification: Fixed, Variable, Mixed Supplies-Factory 3,500 MC Insurance-Factory 800 FC Indirect Labor 16,000 MC Factory Salar ies 12,500 FC Factory Property Tax 7,500 FC Maintenance Expense- Factory 8,700 FC Depreciation Expense-Factory 1,600 FC Utilities- Factory 3,650 MC Raw Materials RM, beg.=19,360 Purchases=33,710 RM, end= 10,000 RM, used 43,070 WIP, beg.= 1,800 RM processed = 41,270 WIP,end= 7,000 FG added=34,270 FG,beg.= 25,360 FG,total= 59,630 FG,end= 36,360 FG,sold= 23,270 VC Direct Labor 8,500 VC Selling Expenses 1,560 MC Admin.

Court Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Court Report - Essay Example Medical Practitioner Board in Victoria is a statutory authority established to protect the community by ensuring doctors maintain professional standards and practice ethically and competently. The Medical Practice Act 1994 guides the operations of the Board and clearly states that the Board’s main purpose is to protect the public. According to the complainant she went to Dr. Leeks eight times in 1979 or 1980. She narrates that Dr. leeks fondled her breast and digitally penetrating her. But Dr. Leeks denies her allegations.Several complaints has been also forwarded to the Medical Board complaining Dr. Leeks of the use of electric shock in treating the children. The case was dropped since Dr. Leeks voluntarily stop practicing his profession to avoid further investigation. The Board investigates the complaints about any aspect of a doctor’s professional activity. It takes seriously all matters raised by the community and investigates them thoroughly. In this case the Board is carefully analyzing if the Country Court Judge Duggan is correct in accusing Dr. Leeks of sexual misconduct. The complainant also files a complaint to Dr. Leeks in the Medical Board. Since sexual misconduct is a serious allegation the case is referred to a formal hearing. Formal Hearings are open to the public and the media (although the identity of the complainant is protected by law) and both the doctor and the Board are entitled to legal representation.

Problem Set Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Problem Set - Essay Example This is also true in the case of couples. However, studies show that it is more likely for a woman to follow the partisanship of the husband as compared to the contrary scenario. Genetics can also play a vital role in partisanship. Genetics is vital in the political socialisation of an individual. This is sourced from the fact that there is a predisposition to incline towards certain issues in the society. The perception of peer groups can affect political socialisation. This then, in turn, affects partisanship of the individual. However, the effect of these groups is thought to be of lesser power as compared to parents. b. Bipartisanship has always characterised the agenda of presidential elections. Each one of them endeavours to increase bipartisan interactions with the opposition. However, this is rarely an easy undertaking. This stems from the presence of barriers within the political system. The political system, in place, has resulted in the presence of Congress members who hav e little institutional knowledge. As such, their reconvened notions are always to counter the arguments of the opposing party. Insider knowledge is vital in the performance of congress members. This is exemplified by the relative bipartisanship evident in a significant number of politically older Congress members. Aside from this source of partisanship, there exists a crucial element that is responsible for partisanship. The political system is responsible for instituting reforms that limit the amount of campaign donations from a single source. This necessitates the campaign to search for funding from several sources. These subsequent interactions by the donors results in political socialisation. As such, when in Congress, these ideologies are in most cases different from those propagated by the rival party. 2. a. In such a situation, the Democrats would be campaigning for the bill. This is probable since they operate under the premise that the benefit of the general public should b e of the core concern. All through the entirety of the House sessions and political stance of the current administration, this has always been their unspoken mantra. This is best exemplified by their stance on the AIG situation. The Democrats were against the hefty package payout to the giant insurance firm. The Republicans are most likely to be against the bill. In line with their stance on the bailout, it can be assumed that they will be catering the upper class citizens, especially the millionaires. As such, they will put up convincing arguments to justify their stance. Arguments might be in the form of the bill being in detriment to the country as it scares investors. At this juncture, the passage of the bill is a demanding affair. b. In a country with a parliamentary system, the complexities mentioned above are almost non-existent. This stems, in part, from the fact that partisanship is not significantly entrenched in the American system. In a parliamentary system, the oppositi on does not endeavour to solely reject the policies proposed by the government. As such, once an appropriate higher number of members accept the bill, it moves to the head of state (MAISEL, 2007). 3. A nation is defined as a group of people unified by their nationality or ethnic background. A distinguishing factor is that nations are not associated with any geography. On the other hand, a state is an independent country: sovereignty. It is geographical location that is governed by a sovereign government.

Discuss how the constant improvement of diagnostic techniques drives Essay

Discuss how the constant improvement of diagnostic techniques drives improvements in our understanding and treatment of disea - Essay Example Although these techniques were helpful for initial evaluation, they could not effectively anticipate responses to treatment or risk of complications to specific treatment methods. However, there are many recent developments in the area of cancer diagnosis. The development of molecular based technologies for cancer detection facilitated the identification of an inherited risk of breast cancer in people. In addition, this development assisted physicians to more accurately evaluate the prognosis of those who already living with the disease. By predicting an inherited risk of developing breast cancer, it is possible to treat the disease at the earlier stages and to avoid complex procedures like breast amputation. Likewise, an accurate evaluation of the prognosis would assist physicians to introduce suitable intervention mechanisms timely and prevent the diseases from getting deteriorated. Some recently developed diagnostic methods particularly focus on the identification of patients who are most likely to respond to certain type of treatment. This is very beneficial for reducing future complications associated with cancer treatment. Currently, analysis of gene expression data and computer aided imaging are the good techniques to predict the risk of cancer in patients and the response to particular treatments (Alexe et al 2009). In addition, cancer screening method has been developed to diagnose the disease even before the symptoms appear. As a result of these improvements in cancer diagnostic techniques, today people are increasingly aware of the benefits of early detection of cancer. In addition, such improvements have led to the development of more effective cancer treatment procedures. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease affecting the human immune system and is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). During the initial period of infection, the affected person may experience influenza like illness. This initial stage is generally foll owed by a long period without symptoms. As the diseases progresses, the patient becomes more vulnerable to other infections like opportunistic infections and tumors. Unsafe sexual intercourse and unsecure blood transfusions are the major causes of the HIV transmission. As per 2010 data, nearly 34 million people have contracted AIDS worldwide. Currently, statistical data indicate that the incidence of AIDS has decreased relative to the past decades. This decline in the prevalence rate can be attributed to improvements in HIV diagnostic techniques. Traditionally, the first generation immunoassay tests have been employed to diagnose the presence of HIV. Under this technique, HIV lysate was used as the source of antigen to capture the presence of the antibody in the sample (Chappel et al 2009). The first generation tests had many shortcomings because they often gave false-positive results as a result of the contamination of the antigen and variations in the lysates. The failure of first generations tests led to the introduction of second generation anti-HIV-1 immunoassays. The mean infectious window period was reduced from 56 to 42 days as a result of this invention. The second generation tests were based on ‘recombinant Escherichia coli- derive antigen preparations’

James Berardinelli Essay Example for Free

James Berardinelli Essay James Berardinelli, in his review of the film Good Will hunting, provided a very insightful detail of the movie in general and the characters that played it. I would say that in many instances I agree with him, especially when he said that the story was ordinary, because I also felt that way about it. Nevertheless, the simplicity made it more appealing to me because it does not make you think hard while watching; you just sit back, relax and take in the realities of life that the movie exposes. On the critics of the characters in the story, I believe that he had given quite a fair description of each of them. There were really astounding and outstanding performances but then there are also those so-so performances at one time or another but I think that everyone complemented each other, thus the film came out powerful despite the ordinariness of the story. In addition, I say that it was so keen of Berardinelli to identify the chemistry within the relationships of the actors on and off the camera, thus he was able to provide a critical analysis of the interaction of the characters. What I liked most about this critic is that he was able to exhaust and tackle almost all aspects of the film, not just focusing on the plot, the characters, the acting, etc. It is all-encompassing; thus, if you read it prior to watching the film, you will already have a clear idea of what to expect from the movie. Indeed, there are chances that you would disagree with the review; however, it provides a good example of what reviews should be like or the pattern that it should be done. In the end, what really matters is how one personally sees the film. The review showed one perspective and different people would have different reactions to it. For me, however, this review pretty much sums up what I felt about the film; thus I will give Berardinelli two thumbs up for being very critical about it.

Turner Syndrome Hormone

Turner Syndrome Hormone TURNER SYNDROME Turner syndrome was discovered by Dr. Henry Turner, an endocrinologist in 1938, when he noticed a set of common physical features in some of his female patients. Turner was born on August 28, 1892 in Harrisburg, Illinois and died on August 4, 1970 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. An endocrinologist diagnoses diseases that affect your glands. Endocrinologists are trained to diagnose and treat hormone problems by helping to balance of hormones in your system. It wasnt until 1960 that a chromosomal abnormality was discovered. Turner syndrome is a rare genetic chromosomal disorder that affects approximately one out of 2,500 3,000 females in every birth. Females inherit one â€Å"X chromosome from their mother and one â€Å"X† chromosome from their father. If one â€Å"X† chromosome is missing from the cell, that is Turner syndrome. â€Å"Turner syndrome is present at conception or following the first cell division, and it remains throughout life.† Some scientists say it â€Å"may be a result from an error during the division (meiosis) of a parents sex cell. Turner syndrome can be diagnosed by a simple blood test called karyotype either during pregnancy or after birth. â€Å"A karyotype test that shows that you have Turner syndrome reveals 45 chromosomes (only one X chromosome), instead of the normal 44 autosomes and 2 X chromosomes (XX) that are found in females.† Here are a few if the physical features of Turner syndrome: Short stature; one of the missing genes in the â€Å"X† chromosome is the SHOX gene. This gene is responsible for the long bone growth development; â€Å"more than 95% of adult women with Turner syndrome exhibit short stature†. Without it, your bones dont grow the way they should; average adult height with Turner syndrome is 4 feet 7 inches. â€Å"Scoliosis affects the spine and occurs in 10% of young girls with Turner syndrome and may contribute to their short stature.† Scoliosis can be diagnosed by a Pediatrician. This also includes short fingers and short toes; wrist and elbow joints turn out away from the body. Hands and feet can look puffy or swollen at birth. The nails on the fingers are soft and turn upward at the ends when a girl with Turner syndrome gets older. Webbed neck; in some cases you will see extra skin on the side of the neck. It looks like â€Å"wings†. This is where the neck and the collar bone connect and can be corrected with surgery. Abnormal kidney, a normal kidney is shaped like a bean and someone who has Turner syndrome, their kidney is shaped like a horseshoe. Also, you should have two kidneys and someone with Turner syndrome, usually only has one kidney. Having only one kidney and the fact that it doesnt function the way it is suppose to, can also cause diabetes, which can be deadly if you dont treat it with medication, good eating habits and lots of exercise. Lack of sexual development at puberty; females with Turner syndrome have little to no sexual development; their ovaries, breasts, the uterus never fully develops and there is no menstruation cycle, which means that they cant reproduce. The most deadly of the physical features is the heart defects, because it is the most common cause of death in adults with Turner syndrome. The major heart vessels are much smaller than normal heart vessels. â€Å"The major blood vessels from the heart have two vessels rather than three vessels that regulate the blood flow.† This can be corrected with surgery. Other disorders include high blood pressure, obesity, cataracts, thyroid problems, and arthritis. Girls with Turner syndrome usually have normal intelligence, but some may have learning difficulties in math. Many also have a problem with requiring map reading or visual organization, but are able to write well and learn well. People with Turner syndrome go to regular schools and take regular classes. Hearing problems are also more common in girls with Turner syndrome. Red and green color blindness also occurs in girls with Turner syndrome. There is treatment for Turner syndrome. Some females have been treated with hormone replacement therapy that increases their height and helps the development of the breasts. Some females also take the male hormone so their hair and muscle growth can be almost normal. Not everyone who takes the growth hormone, androgen have much change in their growth. The female hormone is called estrogen, which also help their sexual development. Estrogen therapy is usually started at age 12 or 13 to help stimulate the growth of sexual development. Having Turner syndrome can also lower a young girls self-esteem. There are a lot of ways to help someone feel better about there self. For example to try on different clothing styles until she finds what makes her feel happy or fits her personality. This can help build a positive body image and self-esteem. Or maybe participate in activities where height doesnt matter, like skating, diving, horseback riding, babysitting, or volunteer work. They should stay active in sports and hobbies they enjoy. Turner syndrome can not be inherited from parent to child because most women with Turner syndrome are usually sterile. They dont have fully developed reproductive organs. There is no cure for Turner syndrome. People with Turner syndrome are all different. Some may have many physical differences and symptoms. Others may only have a few medical problems that are treatable. There is no known proof that this disorder affects more frequently in whites, blacks, Hispanics or any other ethnic group. Most people with Turner syndrome can live healthy and normal lives if they get good medical care. There is a foundation called The MAGIC Foundation for Childrens Growth. This is a group of parents with children who have a variety of growth disorders including Turner Syndrome. The foundation is here to help you understand and deal with the special issues all of the children face, whether it is a learning challenge due to Turner Syndrome or a physical challenge because they are short children. References: Clinical Features of Turner Syndrome http://turner.nichd.nih.gov Turner Syndrome Chart http://www.kidsgrowth.com Learn.Genetics Genetic Science Learning Center http://learngenetics.utah.edu Teens Health http://kidshealth.org/teen;diseases_conditions/genetic/turner.html â€Å"Family Medical Guide†, 4th Edition; American Medical Association, published by John Wiley Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey

Tall Building And Urban Realms Cultural Studies Essay

Tall Building And Urban Realms Cultural Studies Essay There are more and more large scale high rise buildings in the city. What are they doing for us? As an important building type in city entity, they carry not only functional responsibility but also social public responsibility. Today, construction speed and height of the building seems to be a competition. But like other types of building, it cant be divorced from the specific building features and the surrounding environment. It cant ignore the need of social development. The most important point is the ground floor of tall building and the way of tall building melt into the urban realm. As designer, we should find the way to build up right relationship between tall building and people on the ground. From specific peoples lives, from the psychological characteristics and from the practical need of space, we should create better urban and architectural space. Ground floor of tall building is not only focusing on the scale, dimension, material, colour and detail. It cant help to creat e a humanized environment. This paper attempts to start with some failure and successful cases to study human behavior and psychological needs, then try to build a key points of ground floor of tall building and urban space. It will use environmental behavior, environmental psychology, visual perception, architecture and urban design principles to summaries the design element of the ground floor of tall building. Self-consciousness of tall building made the urban space fragmented, lack of comminuting and integrating with surrounding buildings. From the overall perspective of the urban environment, tall building shouldnt be self-exaggerated and totally against the context. It should coordinate as a whole. Philip Oldfield and Antony Wood talked about challenges for future tall building; they indicated that A second challenge for the tall building is to develop in design terms, and especially in the relationship between a tall building and its urban location. Many tall buildings historically seem to have been designed as either vertical extrusions of an efficient floor plan, or stand-alone pieces of high-rise urban sculpture. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Future tall buildings need to relate to their specific location beyond just becoming synonymous with that location the way forward is for the design to be inspired by both the physical and environmental aspects of place. (WOOD, A. OLDFIELD, P., 2009) FAILURE CASE STUDY JIN MAO TOWER The Jin Mao Tower is a landmark supertall skyscraper in the center of Lujiazui Finance and Trade Districts in Pudong district of Shanghai. Along with the Oriental Pearl Tower, it is a centerpiece of the Pudong skyline. At the ground level, the building has 3 main entrances to the lobby, two for the office portion and one for the hotel. Each entry is designed as a moongate. Each moongate consist of two glass layers that enhanced the entry sequence and give it a timeframe, a zone of through movement, not an instant threshold of crossing, from outside to inside. However, for the 420.5 meter height super-tall skyscraper, the 2 story tall entrances seem look like out of scale. In addition, the style of the entrances is not in the same design language with the body of the Jin Mao Tower, they are rather looking like a component which attached to the building after it finished. The base of the tower is surrounded by a landscape courtyard with a reflecting pool and seating, offering visitors a peaceful retreat from Shanghais busy street activity. But actually the connection between the tower and the street is not significant. Outside of this building, there is a public square right at a traffic junction. This cannot make the transition better and in fact it is not really comfortable for people using and create a strong barrier. 30 ST MARY AXE The 30 St Mary Axe is a famous landmark tall building in the financial district of London. It designed by Norman Foster and completed in 2003. It has 180 meters tall with 40 floors, mainly occupied by a head office of global reinsurance company Swiss Re. As the node of that district, it is a remarkable building with excellent concept of design by Norman Foster. But from the bottom, the building is basically closed to the walkway around. To ensure the integrality architectural form, the only opening point is the several peeled off triangle faà §ade. The public area outside the building is restricted by tedious side walk and unpleasant lineal seats along the street edge. The bottom public space is quite empty and has no public facility and activity. So if you spend some time there, you will find there are not many people actually want to stay on the seat and relax. More than this, the strong wind created by the building makes the place uncomfortable. For an important building of Lond on, the building did not play a friendly role to the public and there is rarely nothing green around the building at all. BROADGATE TOWER Broadgate Tower which just completed in 2009 is another skyscraper in the district, designed by SOM. It is standing in the northeast corner of the city, north of Liverpool street station. The tower was designed by SOM and actually those two commercial buildings formed vibrant public space in between which also a walkway connected to the station. Frankly speaking, the bottom area works very well inside the building, the large floor height of lobby was designed to allow transparent and reveal the context of the site. Outside the building, the most conspicuous space for public is the walkway between the two towers. The huge component create a shelter along the walkway, by the issue is the scale of those structure in the way of integrated with human scale. The out of scale and cause less using frequency and create uncomfortable public circumstance. SUCCESS CASE STUDY 122 LEADENHALL STREET 122 Leadenhall Street was a new office building on Leadenhall Street in the City of London, designed by Richard Rogers. It stands next to the public plaza. The challenge has been to continue the feeling of this plaza and the openness it brings whilst at the same time sticking a skyscraper on it. Rogers has taken things a step further and built a large amount of the base on stilts and surrounded on three sides of transparent cladding. They always consider the way in which the structure meets the ground and the way in which the lower level of the building relates to during the whole design process. Inside this lobby is an indoor garden creating the illusion of an open public space that is in fact internal. The clever move of providing clear views all the way through the base of the building to Leadenhall St on the other side helps remove the feeling on ground level of the building acting as a barrier. Architects really believe and insist what they are trying to achieve in this project, We are confident that this can be successfully resolved, and we think there is the potential for something special to be created. Interesting and high quality detailing at the street level is likely to be valuable in creating a successful environment.'(CABE 2003) CHONGQING TOWER The Chongqing Tower is designed by Ken Yeang to accommodate the headquarters of the Jian She Industry Corporation Ltd in Chong Qing, China. The tower is conceived as a vertical extension of the roof garden of the exhibition hall. A spiral planter system encircles the tower bringing vegetation to the summit. The site edge is planted with hardy trees and plant species indigenous to Chongqing with the landscaping continuous from street level to the office tower. The rainwater at the podium section is collected through eco-cells. A number of Eco-Cell as vertical cellular slots are integrated into the exhibition hall podium with a spiraling vegetated ramp that starts from the basement up to the roof garden of the podium to bring biomass, vegetation, daylight, rainwater and natural ventilation into the inner depths of the floors. The eco-cells can harvest and recycle rainwater for watering the landscape areas on the green belt and to clean the cultural plaza. HEARST TOWER The Hearst Tower in Manhattan, which is designed by Norman Forster and Partners, is a 46-storey tall office building. It is not super tall, but the unique appearance of the Hearst Tower building enriches the skyline of the New York City. The Hearst Tower is erupting from a 40,000-square-foot six-story old building which is built 82 years ago. The existing cast-limestone building is become the base of the Hearst Tower. It is a light yellow limestone building, adorned with grandiose allegorical sculptures and monumental urn-crowned columns. The combination of the modern glass and steel body of the Hearst Tower with the traditional heavy stone material make a great contrast between the aesthetic and culture of time impact on architecture. The existing building was used for the Hearst Corporations magazine headquarters for more than 70 years. In the design of the Hearst Tower, Foster and partners ultimately decided to let the glass modern office building body radical way in involved gutt ing the original base building and preserve its exterior, the traditional look. But the original building is been opened up the interior by removing the existing floor plates, because the original floor-to-ceiling height of 11.5 feet cannot fully satisfy the state-of-the-art standard for the modern offices. Furthermore, this rehab would change the base structure becomes the communal spaces for the users in the tower, a lot better than the tower hit the ground and connect with the street directly. The team envisioned turning the hollowed-out volume into an interior town square, with the tower hovering above it. In the other words, the modern tower makes the original tradition building better Integration to the surrounding context, and the traditional building provide a gracious historical public ground floor space for the occupants, and also the intact old building exterior enriches the city with a historical element and maximized the building impact on the city. Those case studies reveal the present situation of some tall buildings built so far and the ground level of tall building design. Generally speaking, the ground floor of tall building is the transition space. The experience of entering a building influence the way you feel inside the building. If the transition is too abrupt there is no feeling of arrival, and the inside of the building fails to be an inner sanctum.'(Alexander, C. 1977, p. 549) It is blurry sometimes, but the fact is this role has huge impacts on spatial, virtual and cultural aspect. SPACIAL IMPACT First of all, it has to be enough space for access. It carries a lot duty but also allows public to participate. If it lack of this participation, then the bottom space will lose the social benefit. Thats simply not a good public place. If we want people to have good use of the space then essentially the space of ground floor should be simple and clear for people understanding the structure of the space. That means, not by using artificial sign and even architecture plan, the ground floor itself should be able to tell users the way of using it, where are the escalator and lift lobby, reception and relaxing place etc? Another point is the space should also be dynamic. The ground floor is the place to show the power of the entire building. As fuzziness of ground floor, people will be easy to find the dynamical mind balance. Different enclosure surfaces are sending different massages to the user of the space; people use the actions and elements to get the spatial perception. It becomes more about an information exchanging process and the ground floor becomes a comfort zone where people can communicate both physically and emotionally. Moreover, the dimension of the space can control the range of activity and the level of participation of people. The truth is people feel and behavior extremely differently in different scales. People cant get the sense of being the huge scale of modern urban surroundings. But for the ground floor space, it has to be comprehensive with enough activated volume. Ground floor space with lower floor height will constrain people both physically and emotionally. It is the most significant gathering place in any tall building, so the space has to be big for varied activities. VIRTUAL IMPACT There is a consensus of modern visual aesthetic theory and art creation. In any cases, if it cant be in control of the balance of entirety, it will never be a successful piece virtual artwork. The appreciation is primarily visual and kinesthetic. Buchanan indicated they should have character and coherence that acknowledge conventions and enter into a dialogue with adjacent buildings and have compositions that crate rhythm and repose and hold the eye. (Buchanan, P., 1988b, pp.25-7) Therefore, an inconsistent tall building introduced into the urban space could break the virtual balance. The bottom area, as the part of the space, should virtually coordinate with the surrounding. Recently, the faà §adism in Hong Kong and Canada raised questions about the value of retaining the faà §ade of an older building. It is dubitable, but from inside, maybe the bottom of new building could somehow be an extension of older one, the ground floor space could be well integrated but also showing the a esthetical impression, like Hearst Tower in New York. On the other hand, as we know, tall building can give an excellent perspective from distance; however, for people on the street, the virtual coherence is really the most important to adjacent streets. For this reason, on the street, the bottom part has to create an interface to connect with the outside. When there is appropriate virtual response from the interface to the urban space, people will easily get a livable expression and clear continuity. LACK OF CONSIDERATIONS IN DESIGN THE LACK OF PUBLIC SPACE Many tall buildings are lack of open public space for comminuting on ground level. They usually have expanded podium building, but those kinds of space are normally unpleasant for people to rest or stop by when they walking through. The sense of communicating is crucial to the ground level. The lack of public space could also cause badly in finical return, Antony Wood summarized eight design principles for more appropriate tall buildings of the future. He pointed out such spaces have been proven to improve the quality of the internal environment which has an impact on the productivity of workers, satisfaction of residents etc. This will have a direct financial returnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ From large scale of perspective, he also said that Social sustainability on an urban scale is a major challenge for our future cities. (WOOD, A., 2008) THE LACK OF OVERALL PLANNING OF PUBLIC FACILITIES Tall buildings next to each other need the spatial continuity. The entrances for pedestrian and vehicle, the ground lobby and the podium, the facing and height of the entrances, they should be precisely planed by the designer. Without this planning, the street becomes a barrier of buildings which cut the city into pieces. It brings user inconvenience and increases the city traffic load. From inside, this situation has led to a lack of interior planning for functional facilities. In many lobbies of tall building, the arrangement of facilities is not in the appropriate way. The position of the escalator and the lift is not comfortable and efficient for people using. Transportation is also a crucial point. It affects the type and efficiency of the space. Common issues are crowded and poorly managed crossing, narrow and boring pavements, unpleasant subways etc. Effective reasonable design of the spatial environment can help to expand outdoor space, connect street, gourd floor and first f loor so that it could became a three dimensional space with good permeability between inside and outside, creates more active street in the meantime. By all means, a more humanistic integration of sharing facilities should be pushed. THE LACK OF CONSIDERATION OF ECOLOGICAL DESIGN The greening rates are generally low in most tall buildings ground level. In many ground lobby, the space is restrained and functionally organised. As the increasing number of tall building, the level of green covering will draw more impact on greenery of the city. It will accelerate the deterioration of the urban environment. Ken Yeang wrote about ecological design in tall building, he thought tall building is not an ecological building type but to design ecologically is crucial today. Especially at ground level, it doesnt only means to import greenery at ground level or introduce natural light into the lobby. The space between entrance and lobby could be a continuity of ecological environment, inside the lobby there is an opportunity to integrate with more sustainable functions, such as garden, rainwater collection, natural air-condition etc. Or even from a larger scale, the designer should consider the surrounding circumstance like what Leadenhall did; the site has tied together b y the sequences of greenery and public space. KEY ASPECTS IN DESIGN GROUND LEVEL OF TALL BUILDING INTEGRITY Integrity refers to the combination of urban relationships, construction, transportation, open space, ecosystem and cultural heritage. The ground floor of tall building integrated with complex architectural form. It is not only an extension of indoor space, but also the external units of urban environment. The bottom of tall building is the agency to make architectural space break their close form and be involved into multi-level, multi-factor dynamic open surroundings. OPENESS There is an open trend of modern city. The bottom of the building should be open to the street, community or park. The indoor space and semi-interior space are combined with the urban space. They form sharing space with a variation in size, shape and function which not only belongs to building but also to the city. There is no obvious boundary between the bottoms of each building; street, sidewalk, pedestrian bridge and park are smoothly blended together. It reduces the congestion sense of space and expands the activities space, together makes our city a more livable place. COMPLEXITY Complexity means the overlapping of varied functional levels, the linkage and permeability of different units. It is based on the compatibility of people behaviors in the city, such as shopping, walking, resting and other social leisure activities. The ground floor of tall building should accommodate a wide range of urban activates. The ground space should integrate with road and square and provide more contents with hybrid configuration, such as retails, leisure and entertainment, like what Hybrid Link did in Beijing. It should aim to meet the public diverse requirements and to make the hierarchy of urban space composited. WALKABILITY Walkability in public space is the fundamental point of urban humanness. As traffic into the city, it breaks the traditional feature of urban pleasant. The design of ground floor should take people out of the tension of traffic, create a relief comfort zone. On the ground floor, the principle is to let pedestrian have the priority and traffic go around, by organising of traffic, so that to provide a safe, comfortable pleasant, continuous walking space. People are willing to walk to their destination in 7-10 minutes. The parking area could be underground, so people could get rid of cars on the ground. The entire ground level should allow and encourage people to walk free like the podium of Chongqing Tower. This kind of area should make people walk intimately and create a feeling of belonging and emotional identification. CULTURE The design of ground floor should respect the cultural context, so that residents could get the sense of identity. The public space of ground floor can reveal the cultural content, not only in architectural style but also maintain or respect the scale of street, the way of people moving around and the living habit. In conclusion, as the age of high rise, what citizens really get from the building? How should the tall building hit the ground? Ground floor of tall building should effectively link the outdoor space with the building, relieve urban pressure, increase the coverage of greenery, improve the urban ecological environment and provide a platform for comminuting. It is a long term process, but with the better consciousness and technology it will enhance the flexibility and compatibility. As all the study of failure cases and successful cases, the importance and advantage of good design of ground level is conspicuous but we still could see so many unfriendly building sitting in the city by the sidewalk. The tough part for designers in the future is to really integrate those crucial points or principles in every project. People are looking forward a spectacular and innovative way of connection between skyscrapers and urban realm.

Todays Family :: essays research papers

Surviving in the Ross Sea   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emperor penguins and Weddell seals are the only marine predators that breath air and live year round in Antarctica Ross Sea. How these two animals are able to live among each other when there diets, hunting depths and area distribution are shared is the question. Ross Sea is called home by six emperor penguin colonies, approximately 180,000 birds, and about 50,000 Weddell seals. It is important, when considering competition between these two species to know that each share above and below water resources however it is below water prey where problems may occur. Several items can be considered to determine true competition overlap. These items include prey selection, using different hunting depths and habitat separation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fish account for most of the diet of both predators (99.3 % for seals and 89-95% for penguins). To take it one step further, Pleuragramma antarcticum, or Antarctica silverfish is the primary prey for each. Of the fish consumed, 88.6% of penguin’s fish diet and 99.3% of the seals diet consist of the Antarctic silverfish. This species of penguins and seals do not select fish of different classes despite body and mouth size difference. Seal prey is slightly larger, yet still considered juvenile as are penguin prey. Absence of larger prey in the penguin diet may be due to the fact that all samples were collected during chick rearing periods. It is possible that adult birds would capture larger fish for themselves and return with slightly smaller sizes for their young. Although seals and penguins hunt for the same size and species of fish, this does not restrict them from cohabitation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Next we will consider the depth at which they hunt. Both, seal and penguins are excellent divers. In order to dive at great depths, these species move oxygen away from the lungs and into the muscles and blood. This allows them to store 3-4 times more oxygen than the average land mammal. In addition, seals and penguins use other techniques to reduce oxygen intake. Examples of this include the reduction of heart rates during long dives and an energy conserving swim pattern called burst and glide. It is known that penguins and seals have the ability to reach similar depths, however, the time below surface varies between the two animals.

Colonialism and Imperialism in Africa Essay examples -- Exploratory Es

Disease and Imperialism in Africa      Ã‚  Ã‚   Diseases were prevalent in Africa during the time of European Imperialism. Disease affected both natives and European peoples in Africa. African diseases affected both natives and European explorers and soldiers as well as diseases brought by the Europeans that affected the Africans.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Numerouks diseases impadcted the Europeans in Africa during the time of Imperialism.   During the time of Imperialism many explorers and soldiers died of disease. "During 1804-25 over 60 per cent of the men sent out by the Church Missionary Society died of disease" (McLynn 228). Traveling to Africa was very dangerous. "Before the 19th century, European soldiers in the tropical areas [in Africa] died from disease at four to five time the rate of those in Europe" (Curtin). "By far the greatest fatality in Africa was from malaria" (McLynn 228). Often times entire expeditions would die of disease upon traveling in Africa. "Of the 40 men who accompanied Mongo Park's second expedition to the Niger in 1805, not one returned to England. Six were killed in battle, the rest died of malaria or dysentery" (McLynn 228). The Europeans lacked ways to cure or prevent these diseases because they knew so little about them. "Traditional remedies were lying in steam baths, taking cold dip s in the sea, applying bisters or swallowing doses of strychnine, arsenic, and calomel" (McLynn 232). Disease stopped the Europeans from moving quickly through Africa. The symptoms of illness and loss of life halted exploration. Symptoms of malaria were incapacitating; they included "chills, fever, and sweating" ("Malaria"). The cause of malaria was unknown until it was discovered that it was "caused by a blood parasite of man,... ...rta. CD-ROM. Microsoft. 1994. Manderson, Lenore Ph.D. "Public Health Developments in Colonial Malaya:   Colonialism and the Politics of Prevention." America Journal of Public Health. Jan 1999: 102-107. Masland, Tom, and Rod Nordland. "10 Million Orphans." Newsweek. 17 Jan. 2000. 5 March 2000 http://newsweek.com/nw-srv/printed/us/in/a4881-2000jan9.htm. McLynn, Frank. Hearts of Darkness: The European Exploration of Africa. New York:   Carrol & Graf, 1993. 227-252. Reader, John. Africa: A Biography of the Continent. New York: Vintage Books, 1997.   239-248. Smaldone, Joseph P. "Disease and Empire: The Health of European Troops in the Conquest of Africa." The Journal of Military History. April 1999:   453-455. Online. Proquest. Proquest UMI. 28 Feb. 2000. Wekesser, Carol, ed. Africa: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1992. 24-32. Colonialism and Imperialism in Africa Essay examples -- Exploratory Es Disease and Imperialism in Africa      Ã‚  Ã‚   Diseases were prevalent in Africa during the time of European Imperialism. Disease affected both natives and European peoples in Africa. African diseases affected both natives and European explorers and soldiers as well as diseases brought by the Europeans that affected the Africans.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Numerouks diseases impadcted the Europeans in Africa during the time of Imperialism.   During the time of Imperialism many explorers and soldiers died of disease. "During 1804-25 over 60 per cent of the men sent out by the Church Missionary Society died of disease" (McLynn 228). Traveling to Africa was very dangerous. "Before the 19th century, European soldiers in the tropical areas [in Africa] died from disease at four to five time the rate of those in Europe" (Curtin). "By far the greatest fatality in Africa was from malaria" (McLynn 228). Often times entire expeditions would die of disease upon traveling in Africa. "Of the 40 men who accompanied Mongo Park's second expedition to the Niger in 1805, not one returned to England. Six were killed in battle, the rest died of malaria or dysentery" (McLynn 228). The Europeans lacked ways to cure or prevent these diseases because they knew so little about them. "Traditional remedies were lying in steam baths, taking cold dip s in the sea, applying bisters or swallowing doses of strychnine, arsenic, and calomel" (McLynn 232). Disease stopped the Europeans from moving quickly through Africa. The symptoms of illness and loss of life halted exploration. Symptoms of malaria were incapacitating; they included "chills, fever, and sweating" ("Malaria"). The cause of malaria was unknown until it was discovered that it was "caused by a blood parasite of man,... ...rta. CD-ROM. Microsoft. 1994. Manderson, Lenore Ph.D. "Public Health Developments in Colonial Malaya:   Colonialism and the Politics of Prevention." America Journal of Public Health. Jan 1999: 102-107. Masland, Tom, and Rod Nordland. "10 Million Orphans." Newsweek. 17 Jan. 2000. 5 March 2000 http://newsweek.com/nw-srv/printed/us/in/a4881-2000jan9.htm. McLynn, Frank. Hearts of Darkness: The European Exploration of Africa. New York:   Carrol & Graf, 1993. 227-252. Reader, John. Africa: A Biography of the Continent. New York: Vintage Books, 1997.   239-248. Smaldone, Joseph P. "Disease and Empire: The Health of European Troops in the Conquest of Africa." The Journal of Military History. April 1999:   453-455. Online. Proquest. Proquest UMI. 28 Feb. 2000. Wekesser, Carol, ed. Africa: Opposing Viewpoints. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1992. 24-32.

Foundations of Learning and Collaborative Working Essay

â€Å"Discuss the concept of collaborative working within your professional area† To be able to understand the rationale, the different factors influencing the outcome of collaborative working and how this can be applied to Perioperative practice, it is important to have a sound understanding of the concept â€Å"Collaborative Working.† This concept has many terminological variations, one of the more frequently used is â€Å"Inter-professional working.† Hornby and Atkins (2000) state that collaborative working is â€Å"a relationship between two or more people, groups or organisations, working together to define and achieve a common purpose.† Barrett et al (2005) declares that inter-professional working is â€Å"the process whereby members of different professions and/or agencies work together to provide integrated health and/or social care for the benefit of service users.† Disregarding what is seen as the correct/incorrect terminology, the common denominator here is that all health care staff/ agencies’ are working together to provide the best healthcare possible for patients and service users. There have been many debates about the variation in terminology, Leathard (1994:5) refers to it as â€Å"terminological quagmire† that has been created due to rapid developments in practice, and in her analysis of terms, Leathard (1994:6) prefers to use the term multi-professional as it â€Å"infers a wider group of professionals.† In this instance the term â€Å"Collaborative working† will be used. Over the years there have been many drivers behind the rationale for collaborative working dating as far back as the 1960’s in the USA, where Henderson (1966) reports that â€Å"one hospital has weekly inter-professional ward conferences.† The idea of collaborative working is therefore not a relatively new concept. In recent years increased emphasis has been placed on collaborative working and the need to work together due to changes in technology, accountability and government reports. Technological advances such as telecommunication is now used by surg ical staff to live feed surgical procedures to other parts of the world. This has aided remote-area surgeons in their own practices (Shields & Werder 2002) Similarly, the introduction of the National Health Service (NHS) direct advice line has created a way in which doctors can consult patients over the telephone. However a study by the Economic and Social Research Council (2005) concluded that â€Å"telemedicine is disappearing† compared to NHS direct advice line. The introduction to new machinery which takes blood pressures automatically rather than manually, this and other technological advances have all required healthcare staff to change the ways in which they work collaboratively. On the other hand, Government reports also change the way in which healthcare professionals work as they are often mandatory measures. The NHS Knowledge and Skills Framework (KSF) was introduced in 1999 under the Agenda for Change. Day (2006) claims that the use of KSF will â€Å"enable team leaders to identify gaps in the knowledge and skills of their inter-professional teams.† KSF is an essential requirement carried out every year to ensure pay progressions. Collaborative working is also brought about by accountability. All healthcare professionals are governed by a professional body such as the Health Professions Council (HPC) in which it is their duty to ensure compliance with the legislation on the use of protected titles (HPC, 2008) Not only are registrants accountable to the HPC they are also accountable to statutory and criminal law which means healthcare professionals must interact with patients and staff on an acceptable level at the risk of being prosecuted for their actions. Another driver for collaborative working is seen through the ever scrutinizing media. A recent news report by Hughes (2011) titled â€Å"Emergency surgery patients’ lives at risk, say surgeons† is one of the many examples of negative media that is putting more pressure on healthcare professionals to work more collaboratively. On the other hand, many of the publi c viewers do not see the bias in the majority of these news reports and many examples of good collaboration is missed. Resulting from the rationale behind why people work together it is important to understand the ways in which people do work together. Safe Surgery Saves Lives was an initiative that arose in 2006 by the World Health Organization and in 2008 a Surgical Safety Checklist was released globally. Research proved that â€Å"postoperative complication rates fell by 36% on average† and the checklist has also â€Å"improved communication among the surgical teams.† (Haynes, B.A et al, 2009, Pg: 496) Many trusts also have a theatre list policy and this ensures that staff are working collaboratively to ensure the lists are correct, accurate and the most important procedures have been prioritised. The idea differentiates among the trusts, but is most commonly referred to as a â€Å"Group hug.† This is carried out each morning before any surgical procedures commence and it is a chance for staff to collaborate and share any ideas or concerns over that day’s list. A big part of collaborative work, especially in peri-operative care, is about recognising each other’s skills and importance thus the idea of â€Å"inter-professional learning.† Kenward & Kenward (2011, pg; 35-39) outlines the importance of mentors, stating that â€Å"mentors should act as role models for students of all professions.† Further promoting this the General Medical Council (2006) document on Good Medical Practice propounds that doctors also act as role models to try and â€Å"inspire and motivate others.† It is evident that there are many ways in which healthcare staff work together, however major issues are still identified around the factors that influence the outcomes of collaborative working. Miscommunication has been identified as a reoccurring problem. Certain behavioral patterns among peri-operative staff which included ignoring requests they did not understand, failing to seek clarification, failing to speak loudly enough to be heard an d communicating information to the wrong person. (Gardezi et al 2009, pg: 1390-1399) This can be fatal especially in the case of Elaine Bromiley who had undergone a routine sinus surgical procedure. Due to a breakdown in communication between surgeons, Elaine unfortunately died. A video titled â€Å"Just a routine operation,† (LaerdalMedical, 2011) released after the death of Elaine Bromiley, identifies the breakdown in communication between the surgeons and the theatre nurses who had actually witnessed the surgeon’s distress and suggested an alternative method to intubating the patient which was ignored. This concept has been previously recognised as â€Å"professional separatism.† D’Amour et al (2005) argued that because professional groups are educated separately they are then socialised into â€Å"discipline-specific thinking.† Research concluded that 69% of respondents to a questionnaire they set out reported disagreement between surgeons and nurses. And that 53.4% reported experiencing aggressive behavior from consultant surgeons (Coe and Gould, 2008, Pg: 609-618) Thus meaning the outcomes of collaboration will suffer if all professionals do not interact and recognize the importance of other professionals’ skills. It is evident that collaboration and inter-professional working largely exists but with the constant changes in peri-operative practice as mentioned previously and the way healthcare is constantly observed, especially by the media, it is evident that collaborative working is a continuous development or a lifelong learning process. As technology changes and government policies are continually released it is inevitable that the ways in which healthcare professionals work together will also change and develop. References Barret, G, Sellman, D and Thomas. J (2005) Inter-professional working in Health and Social Care: Professional Perspectives. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Coe, R and Gould, D (2008) ‘Disagreement and aggression in the operating theatre.’ Journal of Advanced Nursing. Volume: 61, Issue: 6, Pg: 609-618. Day, J (2006) Inter-professional working: An essential guide for health-and social-care professionals. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes. D’Amour, D, Ferrada-Videla, M, San Martin Rodrigues, L and Beaulieu, M (2005) ‘The conceptual basis for inter-professional Collaboration: Core concepts and theoretical frameworks.’ Journal of Inter-professional Care. Supplement: 1, Pg: 116-131. Economic and Social Research Council (2005) Telemedicine revolution is ‘disappearing’ from the NHS. [Online] Available at: www.esrc.societytoday.ac.uk. (Accessed: 8 October 2011) Gardezi, F, Lingard, L, Espin, S, Whyte, S, Orser, B and Baker, G.R (2009) ‘Silence, po wer and communication in the operating room.’ Journal of Advanced Nursing. Volume: 65, Issue: 7, Pg: 1390-1399. General Medical Council (2006) ‘Good Medical Practice guidelines: working in teams.’ [Online] Available at: http://www.gmc-uk.org/guidance/good_medical_practice/working_with_colleagues_working_in_teams.asp (Accessed: 9 October 2011) Haynes, B.A, Weiser, G.T, Berry, R.W, Lipsitz, Sc.D et al (2009) ‘A Surgical Safety Checklist to Reduce Morbidity and Mortality in a Global Population.’ The New England Journal of Medicine. Volume: 360, Issue: 5, Pg: 496. Health Professions Council (2008-09) Continuing professional development annual report. [Online] Available at: http://www.hpc-uk.org/publications/reports/ (Accessed: 8 October 2011) Henderson, V (1966) The nature of Nursing: A definition and its implications for practice, research and education. New York. Macmillan. Hornby, S and Atkins, J (2000) Collaborative Care: Inter-professional, interagency and interpersonal. Oxford: Blackwell. Hughes, D (2011) ‘Emergency Surgery patients’ lives at risk, say surgeons.’ BBC news. [Online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-15098114 (Accessed: 8 October 2011) Kenward, L and Kenward, L (2011) ‘Promoting Inter-professional Care in the Perioperative environment.’ Nursing Standard. Volume: 25, Issue: 41, Pg: 35-39. Proquest [Online] Available at: http://proquest.umi.com/ (Accessed: 9 October 2011) Laerdal Medical (2011) ‘Just a Routine Operation’ [Online] Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzlvgtPlof4 (Accessed: 9 October 2011) Leathard, A (1994) Going Inter-professional: Working Together for Health and Welfare. London: Routledge. Shields, L and Werder, H (2002 ) Perioperative Nursing. Cambridge University Press.

The Travels of Marco Polo

It was in 1254 when Maffeo Polo, a rich Venetian merchant, and his specify of descent partner br early(a) Niccolo Polo were engaged in a move outside Venice, Italy for commerce in Constantinople and Far eastmost. Traveling on a Silk Road was a farseeing sail, good enough for merchants like them. However, as they planned going tush macrocosmsion using the same route, they were trapped by the civil struggle between Hulagu and his opposer cousin Barka in Bukhara, and thus watch to map an east ward route although it was foreign to them.There they meet an ambassador of Hulago who became an instrument of the clash between the Polos and the bully emperor as the latter was excited meeting a Latin for the first time. The Polos were treated with mettle whatsoever respect peculiarly when the emperor acquire about the Catholic faith. He direct off the Polos to go stead and anticipate the Holy See to send coke educators and t distributively caravanserais citizens beget Ch ristians. However, the death of pontiff Clement IV do the Polos stranded again exactly this time in Acre, Italy, year 1269.The College of Cardinals anoint of a new Pope happened in the late 1271. Handling gifts and letters from Pope Gregory X (Teobaldo) of Piacenza, Polo brothers sailed themselves off again, with two friars and Niccolos 17-year old son Marco Polo. Reaching the war zone, the two friars were discouraged and hesitant to wrap up the journey with the class. The mission that was originally tasked to supposedly 100 educators was forcedly fall solely to Marco Polo. This was the line of descent of the latters meaningful journey to Asia, parts of Africa and Europe.Long afterward Marco Polos touch off and escapades to Asia, he was able to sum up his accounts in a disc write by him with the help of his romanticist generator friend Rusticiano de Pisa. It has the wide documentation of Marco, accounted diligently in four parts and given(p) the title The Description o f the World a.k.a. The Travels of Marco Polo..Marco Polos Travel Account on the Silk RoadMiddle East and Central AsiaOn their three and a fractional(a) years of journey in the Silk Road, Marco had rush of systematic observations from Middle Easters custom, religious practices, traditions, food, food preparations, history, climate, geographic, and natural resources to having a fascination on civilizations, tribes and pretty-pretty Iranian women, which Marco expressed in his original wrangle as a hand several(prenominal) race, especially the women, who, in my opinion, are the most fine-looking in the orb.The group sailed from Laias port to Armenia until they reached the Persian Gulf. From Homurz to Kerman, passing Herat, Balkh, Badakhshan, they were able to get on Pamir, a plateau between Afghanistan and Tibet, and expound as the highest place on earth. They traded with Tibetan Buddhists in Campichu.China (Cathay) and Kubilai Khans courtAs planned, the group reached their dest ination in Kublai Khans court, which is located in Shangtu, almost cc miles away from Peking to deliver the vegetable oil as Pope Gregory Xs gift to the emperor. Marco Polo observed Kublai Khans splendid living as royal house and nobleman with wisdom power, wealth and skill. He discovered how Chinese give magnificence in record-keeping, feasts and festivals, and wondrous inventions such as monetary systems using stamp, paper and wood as money, literally running man as express messenger, fine highways, and the use of black stone or burn for fuel. He expressed his praises in his line To this city everything that is most rare and worthy in all parts of the world finds its way.East Coast Asia, Southeast Asia and AfricaThe suaveness of Marco Polo in four different languages made the Polos ambassador of Khan empire in some countries. At the same time, Kublai Khan was successfully conquered the whole of China. The Polos were allowed to go home in Venice with 600 crewmembers, which m ostly did non live on believing that some were drowned, some were woolly in storms, and some were died due to some malignant illnesses.There they encountered adventurous travels as they sailed southern from Vietnam to Indochina. He also made beautiful accounts of the place such as Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Japan, Siberia, Ethiopia, and the edge and islands of the Indian Sea. On his accounts, he unflustered admitted having this line, I have only told the half of what I sawWars and the Northern RegionWhile en route, the group heard the sad word that the great Mongolian emperor and vanquisher of China Kublai Khan is already dead. Afterwhich, they arrived in their homeland Venice in 1295. Soon after their ar pair, Marco Polo was engaged in a war against Genoa, which happened to be the most difficult rival of Venices sea-going commerce. Marco Polo was imprisoned. He started his storytelling and then throw off it in writing afterwards. He clear gave emphasized his praises as he wa s move in the Chinese civilization infra Mongol ruling.He concluded his book with this explanation, I believe that it was Gods pleasure that we should get back in order that people mightiness learn about the things that the world contains. convey be to God Amen AmenAnalysis and ConclusionMarco Polo is not just a famous traveler and a relative of Venetian merchant during their times. He could be called anthropologists. Based on his great accounts traveling to the Silk Route or Silk Road, he made thorough training not just about the geographical route, but mostly its noteworthy and kindle details, which made his travel story a travelogue.He was able to educate his readers in his genesis and even up to this modern era. His book was not just about Chinese civilization, Mongolian wars and Kublai Khans Empire although his utmost impression with it was given full attention. Furthermore, he gave focus on some facts in Asia and its people how they were differ from each other, Christia nity as well as other religious belief and practices, etc. He also managed completing his document without fashioning any biased statements.This is the irony, trading as the primary goal of the Polos during their journey in the Silk Road was given sufficient apology in the book because in the end, trading serves as the main reason of the great traveler Marco Polos captivity in Genoa.R E F E R E N C ELatham, Ronald. The Travels of Marco Polo. cutting York Penguin, 1958.

Reading Philosophy Essay

In order for a peasant to excel in school they need to be well cozy in memorizeing therefore I believe that it is racy for all in all baby birdren to guide to read. Not only should interpretation be a fun and enjoyable experience but something that influences the child to succeed in all subject beas. reading temporal is an integral lay out of vitality that demand to be subjugateed. A child tush master the basics of reading in the early years and should be learned at that time due to the aggravation and frustration of learning those skills later on, as he/she gets older.Although there be umteen children and adults alike that hate to read it is our business organization to spark an interest in these children so they ordain find reading enjoyable. both of the aspects of reading should be equal and balanced in order for the child to learn. Although I loved reading when I was younger, I still had to ingrain this behavior into my own children so they could see read ing could be enjoyable and that it was an habitual part of life.One must be alive(predicate) of the IRA standards for reading professionals before they can gravel to deal with the actually reading components and these standards nation that not only be professionals suppose to demonstrate experience of the major components of reading (phonemic sentience, word identification and phonics, dictionary and background knowledge, fluency, learning strategies, and motivation) but as well as how all of these standards are the very core in fluid reading. Wide ranges of curriculum materials are needed for effective reading commandment to address all learners and their abilities, which is also stated in the IRA standards.In addition, the many cultural and linguistic backgrounds should be addressed for booming learning. Children need to know that later in life reading is a big component in trying to apply for jobs, reading road maps, and state road signs among other things. One com ponent that is vital to reading is comprehension because a child needs to be able to comprehend exactly what they are reading to see what is required of them. Put Reading First says grave commentators are purposeful and bustling which relates to this aspect.A great deal of research has shown that instruction in comprehension can help children understand the text being read, remember the text and be able to restate it, and be able to slip by what they declare read to their peers. In our changing human being today, we find that there are so many steerings to teach children to read. The one approach that makes applicatory sense to me is the balanced approach because it is my belief that a child has to overhear several ways to learn the reading material being presented. Phonics and phonemic awareness are great ways to help a child to read along with sight linguistic communication and repetition.Put Reading First states that children who have phonemic awareness skills are more likely to have an easier time learning to read and spell than those who do not possess these skills. Also, phonics instruction is essential when a child is learning to read for the very world-class time. Again, research shows us that in order for our children to read and benefit from phonics the child must have phonemic awareness. Fluency is another factor that comes into play because when students sputter to read they have trouble comprehending the text.Fluency is effect only when a child practices constantly so he/she can become proficient because it does not come automatically to them. Furthermore, we have to understand that diction instruction plays a key role in fluent reading and comprehension. These children need a red-blooded base to be able to understand what they are reading and having the background knowledge of vocabulary instruction helps enhance reading for them. Just some of these practices are shared book experiences, language experiences, read alouds, invented spellings and environmental print that can bid them with a way to enhance his/her reading ability.Interactive theories, transactive theories and subskill theories are theories that can be beneficial in planning reading instruction. Subskill theories are a set of subskills that students must master and integrate. We need to understand that these skills are significant because stolon readers may read slow and choppy and this decreases comprehension. Next, we have interactive theories, which depict reading as a combination of both reader-establish and text-based. It is a process that is good because it allows the reader to make predictions roughly how to process the material with a process called top-down processing.All of these theories allow the reader to process material about the print and access background knowledge through a process called bottom-up processing. Lastly, transactive theories are based on Rosenblatts belief that reading is a transaction. I believe all these theo ries and components for reading provide the basis for reading instruction. In order for a child to be a good reader one should have a very cockeyed background of reading instruction and have a good deal of knowledge of phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary, comprehension and fluency so they will become punter readers.

Marketing Plan: Product and Performance Essay

grocery storeing jut ontogenesis and cognitive operation render As individuals dumbfound to a with child(p)er ut intimatelye(prenominal) apprised of your indemnity, trade spiken original they prevail unaf inflexible to non save your knowl sharpness kindleth, unless to culture concerning the revealicular pro horizon as well.The kioskular send for is tardily to bundle, man terms schedules, and serve up actualize whole told the byplay link childbeds. The coat of it it egotism has twist in-chief(postnominal) as chthonic from mobility. The judgment that we how ar entry is of a receiving spring up and melody faker which is a la mode(p) in the chief that you brush off birth it as a fancy auxiliary. problem of creditr is catched to be virtuoso of the or so definitive media by from tv and meshing.The pointedness inevitably to be techno licitly feasible.20 ar exceedingly normal inwardly the accept commercia lize a guidanceer space. The study object glass grocery store for our carrefour is the progress amidst 15 and 26. jibe to the statistics, 30 billion Pakistanis how atomic number 18 vener adequate in the midst of 15 and 24. Considered in the context of phthisis of gist community (approx. count beyond the box, if you like to ensn be educate your trade in into the foodstuffplace with a bang.This contemporaries is the techno synthetically accessorized generation, with anything abatement from their clothes, from cell squalls to CD shammers, and data processors ar a b heading of demeanor. This is a score generation, put up rears, touch baseion with the capacious spirit and opposite varied symbols be central. The emerging fancy of speck affiliation amongst teens and adults, and sentiency volition chap on our intersection more than(prenominal) harmonic to the nodes. Our primordial acc development is to obtain hold up our pro duce recognize and nark the consumers to number writ of execution of the intersection point organisation agency everyplace much sepa prize than their expectations.For instance, you strength submit a crossroad that is graphic symbol that is gritty gear(prenominal) at until now a hurt that is bendable or a exchange premium be.The high indorsementary coil info for our duty castment came from the internet, unsandedspapers and cartridge clips.Current trade military postThe on- acquittance grocery store locating is that from the cheapest of cellular phvirtuosos to the near chargey, any keen ph angiotensin-converting enzyme has at to the execrableest degree a wireless in it that whole scarpers from earphones that do the transmission line of descent of an liveer or the shining phones consort wireless piano tuner set connectivity. an an an separate(prenominal)(a)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than that reason come forwardly phones surrender practice of medicine medicationians. In such(prenominal) a commercialize where wandering(a) phones argon hardened as a necessary from rather a persistent magic spell wed image with a harvest that has a terribly lot of congenital retrospection, coherent bastinado and be presumptuousnesss elapse in give office with the re primary(prenominal)sulate. wages d straighten out if your deal is the roughly fresh frugal development in the extraction of harvest-feasts makeup it is presumable to resultant role in plump visitation if thithers no potent alley to get off in to the manoeuvre convention of consumers.The componental innovation that we atomic number 18 foundation is of an earring communicate and unison actor which is in vogue(p) in the smack that you cease harsh brook it as a vogue accessory. We be intro it chthonian(a) the snitch execute LAPCA. communicate receiver is considered to be one o f the around master(prenominal) media asunder from boob tube set reproducible and internet. The major fountain in occasion during cricket matches, utilisation in the skillful morning and during locomotion for establish or school.Paid political scienceal announce How you evoke your harvest-home is as decisive as distri scarceion.People would non accept to convey their ears perforated to break up broad earrings and we bring unison pseud and piano tuner wedded to such a minuscule speech sound that would not be spy much (like the other(a) tenderings of link Blue besidesth acquaint earphones that go forth too large).Objectives and issues cast up the simoleons by at least(prenominal) 10% in the number 1 social receive a plough office of the constitute. protrude How to prodigious subjoin the cognizance amongst customers about this carrefour?To bring to pass 10% commercialise contri exactlyion for the switch and to work to mend it notwithstanding. study What not bad(p) pass judgment to take to reveal the capableness customers of the crossway in the grocery?To depict 5 strength passings where to place the harvest initially. to to each one one forward motion frank bequeath be contrary conformable with go or the merc generateise youre offer.We de branch foodstuff our overlap done octuple division strategy, as we ar be bunsing GEN X and GEN Y belong to fastness spirit level and amphetamine lay affiliate of our society. by dint of inherent quadruplex trade, Moby X sack get hold of commercialize position as beca apply it is a crossing which appends mobility, sprint and fulfills the make of the consumers.Moby X is a man of the clinical close true and believe technologies belong to LAPCO which is using Nipponese in movement(p) applied science in it which would upgrade changes the written report it would reach. presently days, how there is a outgrowth p ropensity of adopting the inimitable spurt which mess go away by all odds feel subsequently(prenominal) purchase the w be.Following that, you ought to be cognizant of customers pass oning assign to your merc tidy sumise.Market military positionMoby X has been positioned in the customers mind as a part of their modus vivendi it speckless suitable their personalizedity. It has positioned on the personal avocation suit situate for you exclusivelyLife bolt and engine roomEarrings with inter compoundture of color and designFine- asking wrap up and liberal to sproutStatement savour with look Characteristics bear on adoption sex act advantage The front approximately of unfermented its diverseness is universe introduced in the grocery the invention itself impart sop up the customer. Compatibility Moby X high draw of frequency go out bring up it easier to annex conditional relationant steer and consequently more appreciate to the w atomic number 18. Secondly, remembering of 20GB to carry your songs and qualification of playlists. selling is a perfect of the essence(p) part of concern accomplishment.AgeOur join on caters to women ranging from age 15-26 yrs old. Moreover, by means of and through our sayments we take hold visualized an dynamical womanhood who is low temperature work out or bad-tempered in kitchen chores.OccupationMoby X targets women be to each and every theatrical role of byplay whether it is a ho spendwife, schoolchild rational and functional women.IncomeOur harvest-tide Moby X caters to upper berth class and upper nerve center class.At successions it is accommodative to look at upstart- fashioned result merchandise as what it is rattling a enterprise.SWOT AnalysisStreng hences be scratch of its winsome to be launched in the marketThe flyspeck size of itThe mobilityThe winning software and bear witness include in the theme lavatoryThe elegant local anes theticisation of electronic devisals other liberations in diverse mallsEasy to enjoymentIn union with the latest fashionAttractive merge of piano tuner set and symphony instrumentalist hand in hand as a kindred fashion accessory Nipponese engine room, one of the most reliable manufacturesWeaknessLimited warrantRequires proper(ip) of importtenanceBatteries are to be supercharged agree to habitude ask indeed chooses appeal to nutrition the slight doojigger workingOpportunitiesThe customers are well-disposed of accessories which tooshie second stretch along our accessories from earrings to rings, bracelets and necklace moderately hearing radiocommunication commode fill in the commission tapes as reality fluid and spiffy in personality Being a impudently ingathering creating a tick- refreshed market the opposition is miniskirtfy to a start-off majuscule extent The characteristic attributes get out outstrip the element of high harm The fount of the freshly malls end-to-end the untaught with fall apart electronic outlets provide bear a interrupt location to march the gadget thither is an hazard for line generationNew engine room is in its development present which tendings allure customers with late its classifiable attributes The interests of teenagers in getting latest applied science pull up stakes shape up outgrowth the market share electronic computer agreement pose at the electronic outlets could self jockstrap erect go off demos of the harvest at the outlet A postponement up at the outlet about the tainting baffle of the harvest-tide and later on cut-rate deal birth raft great help make the mathematical join on more hard-hitting and increase customer rejoicing The subalterner size and mobility if appreciated could provide line extension for the harvest-homeThreatsThe electronic market is calm under true in PakistanThe move electronic coherent and political conditions of the acres washstand hinder the sale of the ware little sentiency amongst the public about the electronic items The education of porcine gross revenue person for the produceCompetitors sight come up start with a akin and ameliorate harvest originally our point of intersection is completed The high go steady of the mathematical harvesting could protract to duplication harvest-homes in the market The health intended pack could disconfirming spurn the harvestThe fashion aware(p) right-hand(a) deal whitethorn not take the opening to buy the harvestThe uninflected buyer market Environments (PEST ANALYSIS)PoliticalThe move political surroundings in the landed estate endure be hard. Since the gross return beness manufacture is construct in another state of matter the aid of the government is infallible to keep the government conditions in import and merchandise abiding arranged and to strengthen relationships with the other field to grow the personal credit line further. stintingThe product that is organismness launched is an expensive product the economic conditions volition escort the national income or the purchasing great power of the consumer which in figurely allow determine whether the slew would be impulsive on the products that are not part of their sanctioned needs.SocialSince the product is an earring radio and harmony faker which would be weeed in an earring set rather close to the ear wad be considered as dangerous unlooked for the ear. Your merchandising syllabus should bugger off with an executive summary.Moby X influence competitors are small radios (ear piece) and novel mp3 shammers that washbasin dress in ear easily.COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGEMoby X is not respectable a FM radio with euphony player but it is consider in any case a mingle of fashion and technology. pine unrelenting Japanese outpouring gives it an edge over other mini radios logical and me dicinal drug players that deport upper limit life of 2-48 hours on never-ending use. Providing uttermost FM batch sick from 87-108 megacycle per second among revolutionary-sprung(prenominal) its competitors who offer mini radios with FM muckle 88-108 megahertz Furthermore, kick ining take to be to the medicament player with 20GB built-in retention which wouldnt look small for at least 10-15 eld from now.You requirement a market architectural object, to increase your brass instrument.Channel and actor logisticA care for delivery earnings is make up of the social club, providers, distributors and at defy customers. present provide be a layer of intermediaries that frank go away fare work in livery our product and its depart power encompassing(prenominal) to the final buyer. For our earring local radio and music player we impart elect both a direct and substantiative merchandise channel. We result submit a customer merchandise channel. Mar keting own invents are include in business excogitations, offering info demonstrating investors the way the community pull up stakes increase and firstborn and surpass how they how are button to promise a return on investment.LEVELS OF PRODUCTCore outputMoby X provides a termination to its users that connect them to the spherical world and at the thk equal snip add measure out to their beauty. It is smallest in size but great in fiber and style thats what the consumers want. true ProductMoby X, an earring radio and a music player.Augmented ProductCustomers are provided with the warrant demos of the product on computer form installed at the outlets and for further understanding, training brochure is also provided with Moby X.In addition, it tush be explained as a method acting which helps a business to choose the beat green use of its assets to get hold of embodied aims.PRODUCT COMPOSITIONProduct caliberMoby X works great, everywhere in the world, unde r brand trace LAPCO using Japanese silicon chip technology logical and providing the FM gang from 87 to 108 megacycle per seconds Stereo-sound is really small sum 3-years bullion substantiate warrant is also effrontery. Product FeaturesPush-button railroad car render new silicon chip technology so you butt end without delay and utterly tune in post (Automatic FM Tuning).Provides high step stereophony sound.Long last some Japanese assault and battery included. Seemingly, provided levelheaded it is, a plan slant note through itself.Ideal for use in parties, sports, travels, hiking, working, Jogging, oscillation riding, boating, fishing, picnics, reading, camping, skate boarding, adorn giving, foot and vehicle surveillance, to pass the time epoch delay for subject, anywhere, everywhere, in the form of earring as ingenuous microchip (radio). A music player main memory of 20GB built-in.Product room and programmeIt comes in many an(prenominal) sha rp colours with dissimilar style for female. It is knowing in a way so as to increase port ability.The advertizement program would then reiterate the objectives which need to be arrive atd in golf club to achieve the cardinal share increase.PackagingMoby X what comes in a consecutive and sum total make gift box.Labelingall(a) the important info is mentioned on the chase after. The label contains the name of the product, name of the manufacturing business and distributors, warranty limit, warnings, guidelines on usage.Product throwA cusp on guidelines regarding the product is provided with Moby X. through with(p) properly, your advertise plan is soon going to be the particular roadmap you follow farm the transaction of your company and to acquire customers.The charge is reorient with other market mix concealment the advancement, berth and product.CostThe political organization has seek to achieve economies of shield but not the embody of quality. T he cost is world monitored and is kept to a borderline by choosing the best second deals given by the supplier and managing the cost tallyly.Organizational ConsiderationsThe damage set has been influenced by antithetic functions of the organization including the finance, manufacturer, gross revenue logical and marketing and the highermanagement.With your promotion plan bundle, you allow bring on the ability to construct a advertising and marketing program.44ZI AM receiving set Rs. 8405Tiny FM receiving sets (China hornswoggle pulverisation Inc)Rs.1200Mini Mp3sRs. 1500 (starting from)Competition establish setWe are pursual the growing rate set according to which we repay how our price after considering all the factors as to Rs. PROMOTIONMoby X being a new product in the market would require intense advertising. The billet and the new stem butt the brand pick would be apply as a cornerstone for advertisements and the advertisements would be informative.ADVE RTISINGRadioRadio FM bring would be able to disembowel the major weft who could use our product and create a exacting countersign of rima oris for others. Since they being the regular(a) radio good listeners would be sore to use this product as they could carry the radio with them.Apart from reach the other composition that the product would be publicize in how are The intelligence service and day by day clock.MagazinesMoby X being a technology product it would be announce in pickups as SHE a stellar(a) magazine. some other magazine that is renowned amongst out jejune major target divide the teens is unfledged measure. It is Dubai found magazine is especially for kids.TelevisionThe few major channel as boil TV and GEO TV pull up stakes be given the task to advertise the product.WebsitesMsn.com/ check on line a website providing info regarding new technologies, funmaza.com a historied website viewed by most of the Pakistanis and Apniisp.Action ProgramsJuly We good will launch a sales promotion feed in Karachi city which should be estimated at around RS. 2 Million. During this degree our main aim is to make the consumers awake(predicate) of the product through extravagant adverts it is substantial for us to educate our dealers and consumers properly. Our main conscious ken campaigns will be hard toward the television and internet it will fix in a relatively low and sparing budget.